Stedman’s medical dictionary describes anaesthesia as "loss of sensation arising from pharmacological depression of nerve function or neurological malfunction." What that means for the patient during operations is relaxation. Depending on the kind of operation done, there are many choices for anaesthesia when considering cosmetic surgery. When considering surgery, local anaesthesia, regional nerve blocks, topical anaesthesia, intravenous sedation, and general anaesthesia are all choices.

What is anaesthesia in the local area and how does it vary from topical anaesthesia?

The use of drugs injected into the 'local' area, the area directly surrounding what is to be operated on, is local anaesthesia, resulting in numbing. From one hour to most of the day, the drugs used will last anywhere. Generally, local anaesthesia requires a shot, but to alleviate the discomfort, topical anaesthesia may be used. Topical anaesthesia uses the same substances, but the anaesthesia is applied to the surface of the skin instead of going under the skin. The issue with topical anaesthesia is that it does not penetrate very far under the surface of the skin, so local anaesthesia with shots is needed for more invasive procedures.

What are Blocks of Regional Nerves?

There are well established patterns of nerve innervation in various parts of the body. For instance, the feeling of the middle part of the cheek is from a nerve just below the eye socket that comes out of the face. By numbing this nerve, it is possible to numb the whole cheek, upper lip, and upper teeth. This anatomy takes advantage of a regional nerve block and numbs an entire nerve. Unfortunately, numerous nerves are internalised in certain parts of the body and regional nerve blocks are not possible.

What is sedation by intravenous means?

Intravenous ( IV) sedation requires the administration of medicines that make a person sleepy. A breathing tube is not required for true IV sedation, as the individual is able to breathe on their own and protect their own airway. The drugs used also have a brief half-life so that it is out of the body and the person is wide awake when the drug is stopped within a very short time. In colonoscopy procedures, this form of anaesthesia is most commonly used. The use of drugs induces a type of amnesia, so even though they are alive, the person will most likely not remember anything.

What is anaesthesia in general?

The type of anaesthesia that most people associate with surgery is general anaesthesia. To make the person tired, drugs and/or gas are used. To protect the airway and help the person breathe, a breathing tube of some kind is used. Typically, the drugs induce amnesia so that the individual does not remember the incident.

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