An **ESE lightning arrester** (Early Streamer Emission lightning arrester) is a type of lightning protection system designed to capture and safely conduct lightning discharges to the ground before they strike a protected structure. It improves upon conventional Franklin rods by initiating an upward leader earlier during a lightning event, thereby increasing the protective area around a structure.

### **Key Components**
1. **ESE Terminal**
The ESE terminal, mounted at the highest point of the structure, generates an early upward streamer to intercept lightning.

2. **Down Conductor**
A cable or conductor that connects the ESE terminal to the grounding system, safely directing the lightning current to the ground.

3. **Earth Termination System**
This consists of grounding electrodes that dissipate the lightning current into the earth, minimizing potential damage.

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### **Working Principle**
1. **Ionization Process**
The ESE terminal uses ionization to generate an upward streamer earlier than conventional lightning rods when a charged cloud approaches.

2. **Time Advance**
ESE devices create a "time advance" compared to standard lightning rods. This advance gives them a greater range of protection by ensuring the upward leader forms before a random lightning strike can occur.

3. **Protection Radius Calculation**
The protection radius is calculated based on the height of the ESE terminal and the time advance (ΔT). Standards like NFC 17-102 are commonly used for this calculation.

### **Advantages of ESE Lightning Arresters**
1. **Wider Area of Protection**
ESE lightning arresters cover a larger area compared to conventional rods due to their early streamer emission feature.

2. **Fewer Terminals Needed**
Fewer ESE terminals may be required to protect large structures or complexes, reducing installation costs.

3. **Durability**
ESE terminals are made from high-quality materials like stainless steel, ensuring long life even in harsh environments.

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### **Applications**
- High-rise buildings
- Industrial complexes
- Telecom towers
- Airports
- Historical monuments
- Solar and wind power plants

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