In Latin America, chronic infectious diseases caused by bacterial and viral pathogens are rising. Factors such as changing climatic conditions, increasing population, migration & mobility, and poor public health resources are causing this phenomenon. The pathogenic agents that cause emerging and re-emerging diseases in Latin America include bacterial pathogens (Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella typhi, Brucellaabortus, and Klebsiella pneumonia) and viral pathogens (HPV, HIV, EBV, Zika, and Chikungunya). Leprosy, dengue, leishmaniasis, HIV, Chagas disease, COVID-19 disease, and cancer are some of the prevalent diseases in this region.
Chagas disease, a potentially life-threatening illness, is found mainly in the endemic areas of 21 Latin American countries. The parasites of this disease are transmitted by contact with feces/urine of infected blood-sucking triatomine bugs. Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), around 8 million people in Mexico, Central America, and South America are estimated to have Chagas disease. In addition, HIV is also one of the prominent diseases in Latin America. According to UNAIDS, the number of adults and children living with HIV in the Latin American region reached 2,100,000 in 2020 from 2,000,000 in 2018. The number of new infections continues to rise in the region, with adults and children living with HIV in Brazil reaching 930,000 in 2020 from 900,000 in 2019.
Apart from infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cancer, are the leading cause of preventable and premature deaths in Latin America. In 2020, the number of cancer cases in Latin America was 1.47 million; this number is estimated to reach 1.93 million by 2030 and 2.44 million by 2040.
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The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic had a devastating impact on the Latin American region. Brazil was the second most affected country globally due to COVID-19 disease. Brazil, Mexico, Peru, Colombia, and Argentina had the region’s highest deaths. Thus, the increasing prevalence of infectious diseases across the region is expected to increase the demand for diagnosis of these diseases for early detection, prevention, and treatment.
Early diagnosis of infectious diseases leads to better treatment and favorable outcomes and helps medical professionals and patients make various important medical decisions in terms of care & support in time. Immunoassays, biochemical characterization, polymerase chain reaction, isothermal nucleic acid amplification test, and next-generation sequencing identify a comprehensive range of infectious diseases.
Increasing awareness regarding the importance of early disease detection is a major factor driving the growth of the in vitro diagnostics market. Organizations in the region are promoting early diagnosis. For instance, in 2021, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) urged for improved diagnosis and treatment to address the leading causes of cancer death in children and adolescents in Latin America. PAHO launched a virtual course on the early diagnosis of cancer in children and adolescents to improve the competencies and skills of primary care personnel for the early detection of cancer.
The rising concerns regarding the early diagnosis of diseases are expected to accelerate the adoption of diagnostic products. The Latin America In Vitro Diagnostics Market is expected to reach $7.75 billion by 2029, growing at a CAGR of 7.8% during the forecast period, according to the latest publication from Meticulous Research®.
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