The current sensor market is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 8% during the forecast period of 2021 to 2026. The demand for low-cost, accurate, and small-size current sensor solutions has grown rapidly during the last decade, in industrial, automotive, commercial, and communications systems. New design concepts and the systematic utilization of advanced BiCMOS technology have entitled further improvements in the IC performance. It has also opened the path to new product approaches by supporting the integration of additional functions, such as power protection, in the same current sensor IC. If further implemented by the manufacturing players to manufacture current sensors by a focus towards Improving IC Performance, this can become a trend towards the next generation of fully integrated low-cost current sensor devices.

- Increasing the use of battery-powered and renewable energy applications drives the market. Smartphones, tablets, and other portable devices are requiring increasingly smaller form factors and lower rates of power consumption. A highly accurate, ultra-low-power solution for estimating remaining battery life and for protecting the circuitry and Li+ battery from overcurrent conditions, the requirement of current sensors is a necessity. Open-loop sensors are typically used in battery-powered applications. They require less power than closed-loop sensors and are better able to withstand overloads. According to Leftronic Inc., 2.71 billion people in the world own a smartphone in 2019, and by 2020, the number of smartphone users is projected to reach 2.87 billion. This further drives more demand for current sensors.

- Further, with increasing concerns about the global demand for energy and the overall expansion of environmental awareness, designers for power electronics applications are under constant pressure to improve efficiency. The advent of the smart grid, grid-tied photovoltaic (PV), and some other grid-tied renewable energy systems require the growth of high-efficiency power inverters. The signal should be compliant with the utility system’s requirements for which current sensors are needed in the systems’ control loops to ensure proper connection to the grid. The sensors must not only accurately measure both AC and DC current they must have high dynamic performance. Also, the design is also focused on minimizing the cost per watt in an effort to deliver the best possible return on investment in solar energy. This factor drives the demand for the current sensor.

- Large scale commercialization of IoT and IIoT is driving the current sensor market. According to Ericsson, the number of cellular IoT connections is expected to reach 3.5 billion in 2023. Condition-based monitoring (CBM) programs are undergoing an extreme makeover as part of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) concept integrating through the factory automation world. The eddy current indusctive sensors hinder fatal failure by controlling the current flow through CBM in the equipment. Sensors inducing eddy currents operates through high frequency electro-magnetic field, and its applications are found in the nuclear power industry, which uses eddy current sensors in CBM systems that monitor shafts and pumps that are running at high temperatures and high pressure. Other CBM applications include the gas turbine blade gap and turbine blade tip timing measurements. These factors drive the demand for the current sensor market.
- However, due to the COVID-19 situation, shipping and delivery services are highly affected. Most car manufacturers, consumer electronic manufacturers, and tier-1 suppliers have had to suspend operations or are functioning at reduced capacity. This has resulted in a reduction in demand for the semiconductors used in cars and consumer electronics, at least in the short term. Further, considering the backend process of making current sensors, the assembly, and testing being far more labor-intensive than wafer fabrication and the front-end processes, there could potentially be a substantial bottleneck once demand starts to grow. Also, when demand starts picking up, and every link in the supply chain has the required inventory and capacity to support it, there will still be a logistics challenge in transporting parts to their destinations in a timely manner.

- Currently, companies such as Pololu Corporation are further shipping the sensors for critical requirements instead of current sensors, including fighting the coronavirus. Also, as of March 2020, in India, as the COVID-19 virus outbreak disrupts supply chains, automakers and manufacturers of electronic goods in India were paying excessive rates to fly down spares and components from China and South Korea, but now the shipment rate has fallen down currently.

Key Market Trends

Hall Effect Sensors in Automotive Sector to Witness a Significant Growth

- With increase advancement technology in automotive, the trends towards electric vehicle production are highly being recommended in various countries. A complex architectural diagram of an electric car generally incorporates 15–20 current sensors. Other than this, 2–3 current sensors are needed for brushless (BLDC) electric motor control. The EVs of companies like BMW, Volkswagen, etc. use this kind of motor-control-current device.

- Typically, current sensors are found battery current monitoring, solar power inverters, and power inverters that drive traction motors in mid and full hybrid electric vehicles. CMOS Hall-effect based magnetic sensors integrate advanced features and provide high-level output signals functionality. Sophisticated magnetic sensors hold programmable memory and even microcontroller logic allowing for a fully custom calibrated output. Also, it is possible to implement standard interfaces that simplify communication with other circuits in EV.

- Further, the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is quickly becoming the most popular green car and employ complex power electronic circuitry to control the flow of electric energy through the vehicle. In a single motor HEV, the motor acts as a drive motor in parallel with the internal combustion engine, or as a generator to charge the battery during regenerative braking. A typical HEV contains various systems that require electrical current sensors for maximally efficient operation, including AC motor and DC-DC converter applications.
- Players such as Allegro has developed a broad family of Hall-effect current sensor integrated circuits (ICs) that are ideally suited for HEV applications. The features include signal processing and package design innovations enabling 120 kHz output bandwidth, highest current resolution, lowest noise spectral density Hall sensor ICs in the marketplace, reduced power loss through-hole compliant, and low-resistance integrated conductor packages.

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- Further, in March 2019, Allegro MicroSystems launched its latest Hall effect current sensor IC, which delivers its highest speed and accuracy in 400A sensing applications to date. It is suited for hybrid and electric vehicle inverter applications that need high accuracy sensing to 1000Amps or more, the ACS70310 offers diagnostic functions that can help improve functional safety and reliability.
- Further, in North America, with a high estimated production of electric vehicles of all power types, the demand for the current sensor will increase significantly. In April 2020, Audi announced to manufacture 30 electrified models for sale till 2025, with 20 of those vehicles will be fully electric. In the United States, Audi has already introduced five production models, which are Audi Q5 TFSI e, A7 TFSI e, and A8 TFSI e plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) as well as the e-tron all-electric SUV and upcoming e-tron Sportback. The instances preferably consider the demand for the current sensor during the present and forecasted future.

Asia-Pacific Accounts For Significant Market Growth

- Asia-Pacific is anticipated to account for significant growth. The population growth and rapid urbanization in developing economies, such as China, India, and Japan, have prompted the speedy development in the region, which will boost the demand for the current sensor from end-users such as energy, automotive, telecom and networking, industrial, and healthcare.

- According to the Consumer Electronics and Appliances Manufacturers Association, in India, the appliances and consumer electronics industry is projected to double to Rs 1.48 lakh crore by 2024-25. As players are manufacturing fully integrated and programmable current sensors based on BiCMOS or CMOS technology, with increasing production of consumer electronics, the demand for these current sensors will increase effectively.
- In robots, there are hundreds of sensors made today to sense virtually anything. Current sensors output an analog voltage between 0V to 5V, which can be processed further using a microcontroller in the robots. According to Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese robot market has achieved a scale of USD 4.25 billion in the first half of 2019, Also, according to Chinese Robotic Industry Development, by 2021, due to rapid development of robots designed for new application scenarios, including parking robots and supermarket robots, the service-robot market of China will hopefully approach USD 4 billion. This will further hold the demand of current sensors.
- Aceinna, Inc. has its manufacturing operations in China. In December 2019, the company announced that its industry-leading MCx1101 family of current sensors also now supports 3.3-volt applications. The highly accurate and wide bandwidth AMR-based current sensors are now available for a wide range of ADC and microprocessor-based power systems and its applications. The high bandwidth of the MCx1101 is also ideal for fast switching SiC and GaN-based power stages enabling power system designers to make use of the higher speeds and smaller components enabled by wide band-gap switches. Its main applications are mostly in Industrial Robots and Manufacturing Systems, Automotive EV Charging Stations, etc.

- Further Asian players are introducing new current sensor products to focus on precision. In Japan, Koshin Electric Corporation, Japan announced to introduce open-loop HP-PN series current sensor in May 2020. It features 5V single power supply, voltage output specifications, and attributes high precision for industrial devices by digital adjustment (output, offset, temperature correction). Its main applications where it is anticipated to be implied are Inverters, Servo drivers, NC machine tools, and Power supply equipment.
- Further, players are focused on manufacturing a current sensor that can have the features of overcurrent detection. In November 2019, Asahi Kasei Microdevices Corporation (AKM), Japan, developed the CZ-3AGx series coreless current sensors (5V input and 3V output) in addition to the CZ-3A0x series in production (3.3V input, 3.3V output, and corresponding to the UL safety standard UL61800-5-1 for industrial equipment). It has two overcurrent detection circuits, and this new series can be used for many applications, including AC motors and general-purpose inverters that require a sensor input to 3V A/D converters with usage in UPSes, Power Conditioners, and DC motors.

Competitive Landscape

The current sensor market is highly fragmented, with several companies operating in the segment. Leading players are currently focusing on providing cost-competitive products to the customers, which caters to an intense rivalry in the market. Key players are Allegro MicroSystems, LLC, Infineon Technologies AG, etc. Recent developments in the market are -

- December 2019 - Purdue University innovators developed a sensing module that works with machine learning (ML) for applications ranging from electric cars to manufacturing and home design. It is a small and noninvasive sensor that monitors electric currents. In applications such as electric vehicles, include using a resistor as a current sensor or using a non-invasive Hall sensor, which cannot measure small currents. The Purdue team uses a machine-learning algorithm with the sensor to help interpret and gather data such as energy usage, problems with the current, and the best approaches to manufacturing.

- July 2019 - TT Electronics announced an innovative approach for developing customized solutions for the harsh environmental requirements of the aerospace and defense market. Building on the company existing range of current sensor modules, this new and highly diverse modular technique leverages Hall-Effect and Rogowski sensors, as well as amplifiers and digital converters. Ambient temperature ranges of -55°C to +125°C and a 30A to 2000A AC or DC capability make these current sensor modules ideally suited for electrical systems, generators, and motor drive applications. With a generic single-phase configuration, its TRL5 standard circuit boards can be coated, fully potted, built into a housing, or re-configured into a multi-phase product.

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