Obesity is recognized as a risk factor for multiple diseases, from diabetes to cancer. As rates of overweight and obesity rise globally, nutrition experts continue to investigate howfood choice can help people manage their weight. Choosing foods that enhance satiety – those that help sustain feelings of fullness – can be helpful in weight management and a recent study from the University of Leeds identifies almonds as one such food.

The study foundthat people who snacked on almonds (compared to crackers with equivalent energy) as a mid-morning snack reported a lower overall hunger drive. Snacking onalmonds also led tosuppressedunconscious desire(“implicit wanting”) to consume other high-fat foods, which could beuseful in a weight management strategy. The study did not see a differencein the total day-long calorie intake with the almond snackbut did see a reduction in calories consumed during the lunch meal eaten 2 hours after the snack.

Commenting on this studyRegional Head-Dietetics, Max Healthcare – Delhi, Ritika Samaddar said, “Obesity in India is emerging as a major health problem due to change in lifestyle and food habits. Incorporating small lifestyle changes such as including almonds in the diet can help maintain a healthier and a fitter life. Another study found that consuming 43 grams of almonds reduced hunger and improved dietary vitamin E and monounsaturated fat without increasing body weight. ”

The research also found that the satiety quotient (measure of the satiating capacity of foods relative to energy content) was stronger immediately after eating the almonds than the comparison food (crackers) and participants perceived the almonds to be ahealthier snack.Lead researcher of the studyProf. Graham Finlayson, Chair of Psychobiology, University of Leeds (UK)said,“The findings show that almonds suppressed between-meal hunger, but also reduced the reward value of other high energy foods. This makes it less likely that they would be tempted to eat these foods when faced with them outside of the controlled laboratory situation. Consumers associate almonds with successful weight management which could help keep them on track with their intentions to eat a healthy diet.”

These findings come on the heels of another recent study showing thateating nuts, such as almonds, is associated with less long-term weight gain and a lower risk of obesity in adults. Replacing half of a serving (14g) of less healthful foods with nuts was associated with less weight gain per 4-year interval and less long-term weight gain overall, as well as lower risk of obesity.The researchers suggest that the mechanisms for the observed associations between increasing nut intake and reduced risk of weight gain are multi-factorial, but may be attributed to the high fibre content of nuts, which can delay gastric emptying, increase satiety, suppress hunger and the desire to eat, and promote fullness.

Study-At-a-Glance

Study Overview:
The research examined the effect of consuming almonds as a mid-morning snack compared to an energy and weight-matched comparator snack (savory crackers) or the equivalent weight of water (zero energy control). In a crossover design, female participants ate a fixed breakfast and then a mid-morning snack. Appetite, 24-h energy intake, predisposition to highly palatable foods, and consumer perceptions of the snack foods were measured under laboratory conditions to determine the impact of the almond snack.

The Objective:
To assess the effect of consuming almonds as a mid-morning snack, compared to a weight-matched, zero energy control (water) and an energy and weight-matched comparator snack (savory crackers) on measures of appetite control including appetite sensations, energy intake, food hedonics (liking) and consumer perceptions, and to determine the satiety quotient (SQ).

Participants:
42 female participants (age: 26.0 ± 7.9 years, BMI: 22.0 ± 2.0 kg/m²)

Study Protocol:
Participants arrived at the research unit in the morning and their resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured following an overnight fast using an indirect calorimeter. Anthropometrics and body composition measures were completed. In the experimental sessions, participants completed baseline appetite ratings before consuming the fixed energy breakfast which provided 25% of their RMR and they had 15 minutes to complete the meal (15% PRO, 62% CHO, 22% FAT). Two hours later, participants consumed a mid-morning snack. The amount of snack served to participants was individually calibrated with each participant being provided with 0.9 g of snack item per kg of their body weight. The amount of water provided alongside the snack was adjusted so that the total weight of the snack and water consumed equaled 300 g. The comparator snack was a cheese-flavored cracker that was energy and weight-matched to the almonds. Participants were then asked to rate the snack foods according to ‘How strong is your desire to eat more?’ ‘How difficult was it to consume the snack?’ and other questions using a 9-point Likert scales, immediately post-consumption. The Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire was used to assess explicit liking and implicit wanting for a selection of food images either high or low in fat.

Participants completed a food preference assessment before the lunch test meal two hours later. Participants were instructed to eat as much or as little as they wanted for lunch, until they felt comfortably full. Participants had a dinner 4-h following lunch at the lab where they could eat as much as they wanted. They took a snack box home at the end of the test session and were instructed to eat as much or little of the snack as they wanted. The participants returned their snack boxes so it could be determined how much food the participants ate after leaving the lab. Appetite ratings were completed at 30-min intervals until the mid-morning snack and then every 60-min, as well as before and after each eating event in the procedure.

Results:
• The study found that people who snacked on almonds (compared to crackers with equal calories or water) as a mid-morning snack reported a lower overall hunger drive.
• There was no difference in 24-hour energy intake in the almond group compared to the cracker or the zero-energy control condition, but the study did see a reduction in calories consumed during the lunch meal eaten 2 hours after the almond snack.
• Almonds suppressed hedonic preference (implicit wanting) to consume other high-fat foods and demonstrated a higher satiety quotient (SQ) than crackers.
• Almonds were perceived to be a healthier snack food, which aligns with successful weight management.
• The researchers noted that overall day-long energy intake did not differ significantly in the almond snack compared to the zero-energy control (water), suggesting that almonds can be incorporated into the diet without providing excess calories.

Conclusions:
• The study found that people who snacked on almonds (compared to crackers with equivalent energy) as a mid-morning snack reported a lower overall hunger drive when consuming almonds compared to crackers or water.
• The findings show that almonds suppressed between-meal hunger and reduced the reward value (or wanting) of other high energy foods. This makes it less likely that they would be tempted to eat these foods when faced with them outside of the controlled laboratory situation.
• Consumers associate almonds with successful weight management which could help keep them on track with their intentions to eat a healthy diet.

A 28g serving of almonds provides 160 calories, protein (6g), dietary fibre (4g), vitamins and minerals including vitamin E (8mg), magnesium (81mg) and potassium (220 mg), which makes them a satisfying snack choice and ideal fit for weight-wise diets.

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California almonds make life better by what we grow and how we grow. The Almond Board of California promotes natural, wholesome and quality almonds through leadership in strategic market development, innovative research, and accelerated adoption of industry best practices on behalf of the more than 7,600 almond farmers and processors in California, most of whom are multi-generational family operations. Established in 1950 and based in Modesto, California, the Almond Board of California is a non-profit organization that administers a grower-enacted Federal Marketing Order under the supervision of the United States Department of Agriculture. For more information on the Almond Board of California or almonds, visit Almonds.com or check out California Almonds on Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, Instagram and the California Almonds blog.


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